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Oh, don't forget Alphonso X's book of games, also from the 13th century (I think Mark Waks posted the latest link to a translation just a few weeks back, didn't he?), including the rules for the above mentioned al'zahr.<br><br><blockquote><hr>From: SEDWilkins@aol.com<br>Date: Mon, 23 Jun 2008 15:10:10 -0400<br>To: hist-games@www.pbm.com<br>Subject: Re: hist-games: XIIIth century games<br><br>
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<div>By the XIII century you'd have mancala variations in the middle east.
Tables in Europe and Nardshir in Persia will be variations on our familiar
backgammon. Merrils in Europe are qirq in the Middle East. Dice/astragals are
al'zahr in Arabic. Tab was popular throughout the Arab world (note
that Islam's prohibition of gambling will effect regional differences).
Alquerque/al'qirkat yes (it came into Europe from the Middle East) and shatranj,
as well-but no draughts/checkers yet except in France. Bowls/boules
and quilles, quoit, tilting, sadw which was a
nut-pitching game.</div>
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<div>In a message dated 6/23/2008 8:56:58 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
piotr.adamczyk@muzeum.elblag.pl writes:</div>
<blockquote style="padding-left: 10px; margin-left: 10px;"><font style="background-color: transparent;" color="#000000" face="Arial" size="2"><font face="Arial" size="2">Any idea what kind of games culd crusaders (or generally in
Europe and Middle East) play in the XIII th century? Bowls, board games
etc. Alquerque could be, some kind of bowling maybe (I've seen a small icon
witha painting where two people are tossing balls on a small wodden pyramids
standing before oponents legs)...</font></font></blockquote></div>
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<div><font face="Arial" lang="0" size="2">Sally
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